燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃發(fā)電機(jī)組

　　Gas internal combustion generator set

　　燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃發(fā)電機(jī)組分為高濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組和低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組，高濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組要求甲烷含量在25%以上;低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組要求甲烷含量在12%-25%;依據(jù)瓦斯?jié)舛葼顩r選擇發(fā)電機(jī)組型號(hào)，低瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組一般選擇|IMWfc右，高瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組一般選擇2MWfc右。高瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組發(fā)電效率比低瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組發(fā)電效率略高。瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)燃料能量約35%被機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔埽s30%隨廢氣排出，25%被發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻水帶走。

　　Gas internal combustion generator sets are divided into high concentration gas generator sets and low concentration gas generator sets. High concentration gas generator sets require a methane content of at least 25%; The low concentration gas generator unit requires a methane content of 12% -25%; Select the generator set model based on the gas concentration situation. Low gas generator sets are generally selected to the right of IMWfc, while high gas generator sets are generally selected to the right of 2MWfc. The power generation efficiency of high gas generator sets is slightly higher than that of low gas generator sets. About 35% of the fuel energy of the gas generator is converted into electrical energy by the unit, about 30% is discharged with exhaust gas, and 25% is taken away by the engine cooling water.

　　低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組采納電控燃?xì)饣煜骷夹g(shù)，能夠自動(dòng)控制空燃比，以適應(yīng)瓦斯的濃度變化，將瓦斯?jié)舛日{(diào)整9%，此時(shí)瓦斯爆炸反應(yīng)最完整，瓦斯、氧氣氧化反應(yīng)完整，實(shí)現(xiàn)零氧均衡，此時(shí)爆炸威力也最大，做收效率最高。上下瓦斯發(fā)電最大的差別:低濃度處于爆炸極限內(nèi)的甲烷在進(jìn)入機(jī)組前的過程中是不一樣意設(shè)置儲(chǔ)氣罐和加壓機(jī)，而高濃度瓦斯在輸送過程中可不設(shè)計(jì)瓦斯安全輸送系統(tǒng)。

　　The low concentration gas generator set adopts electric control gas mixer technology, which can automatically control the air-fuel ratio to adapt to changes in gas concentration. By adjusting the gas concentration by 9%, the gas explosion reaction is most complete, and the oxidation reaction of gas and oxygen is complete, achieving zero oxygen balance. At this time, the explosion power is also the highest and the collection efficiency is the highest. The biggest difference between upper and lower gas power generation is that methane with low concentration within the explosive limit does not require the installation of gas storage tanks and compressors before entering the unit, while high concentration gas does not require the design of a gas safety conveying system during transportation.

　　、上下瓦斯發(fā)電工藝及差別

　　Upper and lower gas power generation processes and differences

　　瓦斯經(jīng)過安全輸送系統(tǒng)(霧化水系統(tǒng)、水封阻火器、安全閥等)的傳稱，瓦斯預(yù)辦理系統(tǒng)對(duì)氣體雜質(zhì)、液態(tài)水的過濾隨和體溫度的調(diào)控，進(jìn)入機(jī)組內(nèi)先進(jìn)行預(yù)混淆，以后由渦輪增壓器增壓、中冷器降溫、在缸內(nèi)用火花塞點(diǎn)火，焚燒后高溫高壓氣體帶動(dòng)證體活塞和曲抽壇OCS.COM動(dòng)，推進(jìn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)做功，將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔?。詳盡工藝流程見以下列圖:

　　Gas is transported through a safety conveying system (atomization water system, water seal flame arrester, safety valve, etc.), and the gas pre-treatment system filters gas impurities and liquid water while regulating body temperature. Before entering the unit, it undergoes pre mixing, and then is pressurized by a turbocharger, cooled by an intercooler, and ignited with spark plugs in the cylinder. After incineration, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas drives the piston of the body and the curved extraction tank OCS.COM to move, pushing the engine to do work and converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The detailed process flow is shown in the following diagram:

　　瓦斯發(fā)電工藝系統(tǒng)。瓦斯發(fā)電工藝主要包含11項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)，熱力系統(tǒng)、燃料供給系統(tǒng)、余熱利用系統(tǒng)、瓦斯輸送安全裝置系統(tǒng)、除灰系統(tǒng)、水辦理系統(tǒng)、供水系統(tǒng)、并網(wǎng)工程、電氣系統(tǒng)、熱工控制系統(tǒng)、隸屬生產(chǎn)工程、煙氣脫硫脫硝系統(tǒng)。各工藝系統(tǒng)詳盡狀況介紹以下:熱力系統(tǒng):瓦斯與空氣在集裝箱式內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)機(jī)組進(jìn)氣進(jìn)口處混淆后，進(jìn)入渦輪增壓器增壓，再經(jīng)過中冷器冷卻，經(jīng)過進(jìn)氣管由進(jìn)氣門控制進(jìn)入氣缸，經(jīng)火花塞點(diǎn)火爆炸氧化，產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，曲軸將動(dòng)力傳給溝通發(fā)電機(jī)，變換成電能輸出。主要設(shè)備包括燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和溝通發(fā)電機(jī),以及配套的管路和設(shè)備。

　　Gas power generation process system. The gas power generation process mainly includes 11 systems, including thermal system, fuel supply system, waste heat utilization system, gas transportation safety device system, ash removal system, water treatment system, water supply system, grid connected engineering, electrical system, thermal control system, subordinate production engineering, and flue gas desulfurization and denitrification system. The detailed description of each process system is as follows: Thermal system: Gas and air are mixed at the inlet of the container type internal combustion engine generator unit, then enter the turbocharger for boosting, and are cooled by the intercooler. They enter the cylinder through the intake pipe controlled by the intake valve, and are ignited by the spark plug for explosive oxidation, generating power to drive the generator crankshaft to rotate. The crankshaft transmits the power to the communication generator and converts it into electrical energy output. The main equipment includes gas engines and communication generators, as well as supporting pipelines and equipment.

　　燃料供給系統(tǒng):礦井瓦斯從井下煤層中，經(jīng)過瓦斯泵站抽采后，抽排到地面，由瓦斯輸送管道經(jīng)過泵送、離心脫水、制冷脫水等系列安全辦理舉措,供給瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組。主要工程包含:瓦斯預(yù)辦理土建、羅茨風(fēng)機(jī)設(shè)備及安裝工程。

　　Fuel supply system: Mine gas is extracted from the coal seam underground through a gas pump station and discharged to the surface. It is then transported through gas pipelines through a series of safety measures such as pumping, centrifugal dehydration, and refrigeration dehydration, and supplied to gas generators. The main projects include: gas pre-treatment civil engineering, Roots blower equipment and installation engineering.

　　余熱利用系統(tǒng):發(fā)電機(jī)組尾氣凈化后排煙溫度高達(dá)400-600C，直接對(duì)空排放將造成熱能浪費(fèi)，為把有效熱能充足利用，在排煙簡(jiǎn)處設(shè)置蒸汽鍋爐或許余熱鍋爐，鍋爐將熱源供給給用戶，解決工業(yè)場(chǎng)所冬天取暖供熱問題。主要設(shè)備包含余熱鍋爐和配套管路設(shè)備。

　　Waste heat utilization system: After purifying the exhaust gas of the generator set, the exhaust temperature can reach 400-600C. Directly discharging it into the air will cause waste of heat energy. In order to fully utilize the effective heat energy, a steam boiler or waste heat boiler is installed at the exhaust section. The boiler supplies heat source to users, solving the heating problem of industrial plants in winter. The main equipment includes waste heat boilers and supporting pipeline equipment.

　　瓦斯安全輸送系統(tǒng):瓦斯經(jīng)過瓦斯泵站，增壓機(jī)增壓泵送進(jìn)入發(fā)電機(jī)組，沿途需要設(shè)置水封阻火器、水霧輸送系統(tǒng)、干式阻火器等防爆阻爆安全設(shè)備，保證瓦斯輸送安全。

　　Gas safety transportation system: Gas is pumped into the generator set through a gas pump station and a booster pump. Explosion proof and explosion-proof safety equipment such as water sealed flame arresters, water mist transportation systems, and dry flame arresters need to be installed along the way to ensure the safety of gas transportation.

　　除灰系統(tǒng):在瓦斯輸送管道中增添一道濾網(wǎng)，將瓦斯中的粉塵和雜質(zhì)等固體顆粒物過濾，保證瓦斯純度和質(zhì)量。

　　Ash removal system: Add a filter screen in the gas conveying pipeline to filter solid particles such as dust and impurities in the gas, ensuring the purity and quality of the gas.

　　水辦理及供水系統(tǒng):場(chǎng)所內(nèi)生活水硬度高，水中鈣、鎂含量高，簡(jiǎn)單腐化機(jī)組和鍋爐設(shè)備，不利于余熱鍋爐和機(jī)組冷卻循環(huán)水使用，需要將水進(jìn)行融化辦理，融化后利用水泵供給給機(jī)組冷卻系統(tǒng)和采暖系統(tǒng)。主要工程包含:水融化車間、水泵、水箱等配套設(shè)備。

　　Water treatment and supply system: The hardness of domestic water in the premises is high, and the calcium and magnesium content in the water is high, which easily corrodes the units and boiler equipment, and is not conducive to the use of waste heat boilers and unit cooling circulating water. It is necessary to melt the water and supply it to the unit cooling system and heating system through a water pump after melting. The main project includes supporting equipment such as water melting workshop, water pump, water tank, etc.

　　主要工程包含:水融化車間、水泵、水箱等配套設(shè)備。并網(wǎng)工程:瓦斯發(fā)電除供給7%的廠區(qū)自覺子用以外，富饒電量所有上網(wǎng)，接入鄰近高壓變電站并網(wǎng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，與國(guó)家電力聯(lián)網(wǎng)。主要設(shè)備包含變壓器和配套并網(wǎng)設(shè)備電氣系統(tǒng):發(fā)電站所有電氣設(shè)備的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀況需要形成自動(dòng)監(jiān)控、丈量、保護(hù)的電氣系統(tǒng)，經(jīng)過通訊技術(shù)與發(fā)電站管理系統(tǒng)連結(jié)，實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣自動(dòng)化。主要工程包含:主控系統(tǒng)、上下壓開關(guān)、電纜、照明、防雷接地等電氣設(shè)備。

　　The main project includes supporting equipment such as water melting workshop, water pump, water tank, etc. Grid connected project: Gas power generation not only supplies 7% of the plant's self owned electricity, but also connects all abundant electricity to the grid and nearby high-voltage substations for grid connection and operation, and is connected to the national power grid. The main equipment includes transformers and supporting grid connected electrical systems: the operation status of all electrical equipment in the power station needs to form an automatic monitoring, measurement, and protection electrical system, which is connected to the power station management system through communication technology to achieve electrical automation. The main project includes: main control system, upper and lower pressure switches, cables, lighting, lightning protection and grounding electrical equipment.

　　熱工控制系統(tǒng):為了提升電站自動(dòng)化水平，保證機(jī)組安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，提升效率，減少運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)人員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，需要對(duì)瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組設(shè)備推行集中控制，保證機(jī)組安全運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。主要工程包含熱工控制、微機(jī)監(jiān)控、火災(zāi)報(bào)警、工業(yè)電視系統(tǒng)等。

　　Thermal control system: In order to improve the automation level of the power station, ensure the safe and economical operation of the unit, enhance efficiency, and reduce the labor intensity of the operating personnel, it is necessary to implement centralized control of the gas generator equipment to ensure the safe operation of the unit. The main projects include thermal control, microcomputer monitoring, fire alarm, industrial television system, etc.

　　隸屬生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng):瓦斯發(fā)電工程除主要生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)工程以外，還需配套建設(shè)消防系統(tǒng)、室外給排水系統(tǒng)、場(chǎng)所土方、圍護(hù)等及其余隸屬生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，效力于主要生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。煙氣凈化系統(tǒng);瓦斯爆炸做功會(huì)產(chǎn)生粉塵、氮氧化合物等有害氣體，為保證尾氣排放知足國(guó)家環(huán)保要求，定對(duì)排放的廢氣進(jìn)行凈化辦理。在排氣管道設(shè)置尿素催化劑噴嘴，催化劑在高溫作用下分解成NH貨口H2Q與尾氣混淆后產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生氮?dú)夂退诺酱髿庵?，減少大氣污染。主要設(shè)備包含:尿素溶液儲(chǔ)罐、輸送裝置、計(jì)量裝置等其余配套設(shè)備上下瓦斯發(fā)電工藝差別。高瓦斯發(fā)電與低瓦斯發(fā)電工藝系統(tǒng)根本

　　Subordinate production system: In addition to the main production system engineering, gas power generation projects also need to be equipped with supporting fire protection systems, outdoor water supply and drainage systems, site earthworks, enclosures, and other subordinate production systems to serve the main production system. Smoke purification system; Gas explosions can produce harmful gases such as dust and nitrogen oxides. In order to ensure that exhaust emissions meet national environmental requirements, it is necessary to purify the discharged exhaust gas. Install a urea catalyst nozzle in the exhaust pipe. The catalyst decomposes into NH and H2Q under high temperature, which reacts with the exhaust gas to produce nitrogen and water that are discharged into the atmosphere, reducing air pollution. The main equipment includes: urea solution storage tank, conveying device, metering device, and other supporting equipment, with differences in gas power generation process between the upper and lower parts. The fundamental process systems for high gas power generation and low gas power generation

　　同樣，高瓦斯發(fā)電沒有瓦斯安全輸送系統(tǒng)，低濃度瓦斯地面安全輸送

　　Similarly, high gas power generation does not have a gas safety transmission system, and low concentration gas is safely transported on the ground

　　技術(shù)目前主要有三種方式，即細(xì)水霧混淆安全輸送裝置(如胡底電廠)、瓦斯輸送自動(dòng)噴粉抑爆裝置(如岳城電廠)、兩相流安全輸送裝置。其余電力系統(tǒng)、燃料供給系統(tǒng)、余熱利用系統(tǒng)等系統(tǒng)根真相像。

　　There are currently three main methods of technology, namely fine water mist mixing safety conveying device (such as Hudi Power Plant), gas conveying automatic powder spraying explosion suppression device (such as Yuecheng Power Plant), and two-phase flow safety conveying device. The other power systems, fuel supply systems, waste heat utilization systems, and other systems are completely similar.

　　三、瓦斯發(fā)電投資成效剖析

　　3、 Analysis of Investment Effectiveness in Gas Power Generation

　　因低濃度瓦斯不可以儲(chǔ)藏，瓦斯氣源受限，低瓦斯發(fā)電工程規(guī)模相對(duì)較小，低瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組與高瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組除對(duì)氣源濃度要求不一樣之外，其余各項(xiàng)技術(shù)參數(shù)根真同樣。工程投資主要取決于規(guī)模大小、設(shè)備選型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、生產(chǎn)工藝等有關(guān)要素。投資1M順?biāo)拱l(fā)電單位投資額600-1000萬元，規(guī)模越大，單位投資額越小。高瓦斯發(fā)電工程度電瓦斯耗費(fèi)量立方，低瓦斯發(fā)電工程1度電瓦斯耗費(fèi)量立方，高瓦斯發(fā)電效率比低瓦斯發(fā)電效率略高。

　　Due to the inability to store low concentration gas and limited gas sources, the scale of low gas power generation projects is relatively small. Except for different requirements for gas source concentration, the technical parameters of low gas generator sets and high gas generator sets are fundamentally the same. Engineering investment mainly depends on factors such as scale, equipment selection standards, production processes, etc. The investment amount for a 1M Shunsi power generation unit is 6-10 million yuan, and the larger the scale, the smaller the unit investment amount. The gas consumption per kilowatt hour of high gas power generation projects is cubic meters, while the gas consumption per kilowatt hour of low gas power generation projects is cubic meters. The efficiency of high gas power generation is slightly higher than that of low gas power generation.

　　從投資效益看，低濃度瓦斯價(jià)錢元/立方，高濃度瓦斯價(jià)錢元/立方。依據(jù)元/度電計(jì)算，一立方純瓦斯的發(fā)電量是度電，除掉設(shè)備保護(hù)、人工費(fèi)、維簡(jiǎn)投入等元/度電。瓦斯發(fā)電效益為元/度電，一個(gè)6MWK模的瓦斯電廠，年工作6000小時(shí)，年利潤(rùn)=6000*6000*=萬元。投資回收期一般為6~12年，瓦斯發(fā)電工程依據(jù)規(guī)模利潤(rùn)狀況，投資效益較理想。

　　From the perspective of investment efficiency, the price of low concentration gas is yuan/cubic meter, and the price of high concentration gas is yuan/cubic meter. According to the calculation of yuan/kWh, the power generation of one cubic meter of pure gas is kWh, excluding equipment protection, labor costs, maintenance inputs, and other yuan/kWh. The benefit of gas power generation is yuan/kWh. A 6MWK gas power plant with an annual working time of 6000 hours and an annual profit of 6000 * 6000 *=10000 yuan. The investment payback period is generally 6-12 years, and gas power generation projects have ideal investment benefits based on their scale and profit situation.

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