沼氣發(fā)電機組出現(xiàn)故障時，操作人員應沉著仔細及時地分析故障的特征，并判斷其產(chǎn)生的原因。當沼氣發(fā)電機組運轉(zhuǎn)中出現(xiàn)不正常現(xiàn)象時，可以用“看、聽、摸、嗅”等方法綜合判斷哪一個部位或哪一個系統(tǒng)發(fā)生了故障。看：觀察各儀表的讀數(shù)，排氣煙色以及水、氣、油的變化情況；聽：用細長的金屬棒或木柄起子作為“聽診器”，觀察發(fā)動機外表面相應部位“聽診”運動件發(fā)出的聲音及其變化情況；摸：憑觸覺檢查配氣機構(gòu)等零件的工作情況和發(fā)動機振動情況；嗅：憑嗅覺嗅出發(fā)動機出現(xiàn)異常氣味的地方。通常沼氣發(fā)電機組會出現(xiàn)以下問題：

　　When a biogas generator unit malfunctions, the operator should calmly, carefully, and promptly analyze the characteristics of the fault and determine the cause of its occurrence. When abnormal phenomena occur during the operation of the biogas generator set, methods such as "look, listen, touch, smell" can be used to comprehensively determine which part or system has malfunctioned. Observe the readings of various instruments, the color of exhaust smoke, and the changes in water, gas, and oil; Listen: Use a slender metal rod or wooden handle screwdriver as a "stethoscope" to observe the sound and its changes emitted by the corresponding moving parts on the outer surface of the engine; Touch: Check the working condition of components such as the valve train and engine vibration with touch; Smell: Use your sense of smell to detect areas where the engine emits abnormal odors. Usually, biogas generators will encounter the following problems:

　　1.啟動困難 出現(xiàn)該故障，首先應檢查混合器是否有沼氣進入沼氣發(fā)電機，沼氣供給系統(tǒng)是否有故障，檢查混合氣是否符合質(zhì)和量的要求。然后檢查所有缸線是否跳火，逐步檢查點火系統(tǒng)、12V電源系統(tǒng)等是否工作正常，具體步驟如下：1)檢查沼氣裝置或電路是否有故障，ECU電源打開后，減壓器電磁閥應有“喀噠”響聲。2)檢查12V繼電器是否良好。3)檢查沼氣管路是否暢通，閥門是否開啟。4)檢查鋼瓶是否有氣。5)檢查混合氣濃度是否過濃或過稀，調(diào)整混合器上的怠速濃度調(diào)整螺釘，順時針混合氣加濃，反時針混合氣變稀，或加或取一張混合器膜片銅墊片。加銅墊片混合氣變稀,減銅墊片混合氣變濃。6)檢查高壓線跳火性能，檢查高壓線是否漏電。7)檢查線束插接件是否可靠。8)檢查曲軸轉(zhuǎn)角信號傳感器是否良好。9)檢查整車電源及電壓變換器輸出電壓是否符合要求。10)檢查蓄電瓶電壓是否過低、連接是否正常。11)檢查火花塞電極間隙是否正常，有無積炭。12)檢查空氣濾清器是否良好，進氣管路是否暢通。13)檢查起動機是否工作正常。14)檢查ECU是否工作正常。

　　1. Difficulty in starting. If this fault occurs, first check whether the mixer has biogas entering the biogas generator, whether the biogas supply system is faulty, and whether the mixed gas meets the quality and quantity requirements. Then check if all cylinder lines are sparking, gradually check if the ignition system, 12V power system, etc. are working properly. The specific steps are as follows: 1) Check if there is a fault in the biogas device or circuit. After the ECU power is turned on, the pressure regulator solenoid valve should make a "click" sound. 2) Check if the 12V relay is functioning properly. 3) Check if the biogas pipeline is unobstructed and if the valves are open. 4) Check if there is gas in the steel cylinder. 5) Check if the concentration of the mixture is too rich or too thin, adjust the idle concentration adjustment screw on the mixer, increase the concentration of the mixture clockwise and dilute it counterclockwise, or add or remove a copper gasket from the mixer diaphragm. Adding copper gaskets makes the mixture thinner, while reducing copper gaskets makes the mixture thicker. 6) Check the sparking performance of the high-voltage line and check if there is any leakage in the high-voltage line. 7) Check if the wiring harness connectors are reliable. 8) Check if the crankshaft angle signal sensor is functioning properly. 9) Check whether the output voltage of the vehicle power supply and voltage converter meets the requirements. 10) Check if the voltage of the battery is too low and if the connection is normal. 11) Check if the gap between the spark plug electrodes is normal and if there is any carbon buildup. 12) Check if the air filter is in good condition and if the intake pipe is unobstructed. 13) Check if the starter is working properly. 14) Check if the ECU is working properly.

　　2.沼氣發(fā)電機動力下降首先要按沼氣發(fā)電機的檢查方法排查一下沼氣發(fā)電機的工作情況，斷缸試驗，看是否個別缸不工作或工作不好，每缸作比較；有無氣缸漏氣現(xiàn)象；氣門間隙是否正常。在確定上述部位沒有故障，判定故障可能發(fā)生在沼氣裝置上。故障排除方法：1)沼氣動力閥間隙太小，沼氣流量不夠，混合氣過稀。調(diào)整動力閥，國Ⅲ系列沼氣發(fā)電機的動力閥裝在減壓器出氣口，動力閥有刻度，R(-)方向為減小，L(+)方向為增大。2)檢查沼氣過濾器有無堵塞。3)檢查壓力平衡管是否漏氣或破損。4)增壓中冷系統(tǒng)是否有漏氣，檢查排氣管墊、增壓器接口、中冷器、混合器、進氣管及各連接硅膠管，增壓器有無損害。5)排氣管道或三元催化器堵塞，致排氣阻力增大。6)檢查空氣濾清器是否良好，進氣管路是否暢通。7)檢查沼氣步進電機及減壓器出氣口到混合器之間的管路。8)混合器皮膜破損，不能形成合理的空燃比，更換皮膜。9)中低壓減壓閥二級閥片行程過小。10)減壓器電磁閥閥芯、閥孔是否破損，進氣量不夠，更換電磁閥。11)檢查低減壓器的膜片、彈簧、桿桿有無損害。

　　2. When the power of the biogas generator decreases, the first step is to check the working condition of the biogas generator according to the inspection method of the biogas generator. Conduct a cylinder cut-off test to see if any individual cylinders are not working or working poorly, and compare each cylinder; Is there any cylinder leakage; Is the valve clearance normal. After confirming that there is no malfunction in the above parts, it is determined that the malfunction may have occurred in the biogas device. Troubleshooting method: 1) The clearance between the biogas power valve is too small, the biogas flow rate is insufficient, and the mixed gas is too dilute. Adjust the power valve. The power valve of the National III series biogas generator is installed at the outlet of the pressure reducer. The power valve has a scale, with the R (-) direction indicating a decrease and the L (+) direction indicating an increase. 2) Check if the biogas filter is clogged. 3) Check if the pressure balance pipe is leaking or damaged. 4) Check for any air leaks in the intercooler system, including the exhaust pipe gasket, turbocharger interface, intercooler, mixer, intake pipe, and connecting silicone tubes. Also, inspect for any damage to the turbocharger. 5) The exhaust pipe or three-way catalyst is blocked, causing an increase in exhaust resistance. 6) Check if the air filter is in good condition and if the intake pipe is unobstructed. 7) Check the pipeline between the biogas stepper motor and the outlet of the pressure reducer to the mixer. 8) The mixer film is damaged and cannot form a reasonable air-fuel ratio. Replace the film. 9) The stroke of the secondary valve plate of the medium and low pressure reducing valve is too small. 10) Check if the valve core and hole of the pressure reducer solenoid valve are damaged and if the intake volume is insufficient. Replace the solenoid valve. 11) Check for damage to the diaphragm, spring, and rod of the low-pressure regulator.

　　3.耗氣量高沼氣發(fā)電機經(jīng)過一段時間使用后，出現(xiàn)耗氣量過高的現(xiàn)象，這時要全面檢查沼氣發(fā)電機狀況。1)檢查沼氣發(fā)電機水溫是否低于80℃，使減壓器加熱不良，或減壓器循環(huán)水管被堵，造成減壓器有結(jié)冰，混合氣偏濃。2)高低壓沼氣管線、混合器與節(jié)氣門連接處、進氣管、沼氣裝置及鋼瓶是否漏氣。3)空氣濾清器是否干凈，進氣管路是否暢通。4)混合器流量是否調(diào)整不當，使混合氣過濃。在保證正常啟動的情況下，再在混合器膜片上加0.1mm厚銅墊或適當關小功率閥。5)中冷增壓沼氣發(fā)電機減壓器出口壓力高，最高可達80Kpa，使用檢漏液檢查沼氣出口到進氣管之間各部件是否有漏氣，用壓縮空氣檢查。6)低壓減壓器輸出壓力是否過高。7)檢查蓄電池電壓是否過低和點火系統(tǒng)是否有故障。8)斷缸法檢查各缸工作情況。9)所有沼氣發(fā)電機動力不足，均會引起耗氣量增加。上述檢查完成后，若仍沒有解決沼氣耗氣量高的問題，則可能是沼氣發(fā)電機技術狀況下降，需要檢查氣門間隙，各缸的氣缸壓力。

　　3. After a period of use, if the gas consumption of a biogas generator is too high, a comprehensive inspection of the condition of the biogas generator is necessary. 1) Check if the water temperature of the biogas generator is below 80 ℃, which may cause poor heating of the pressure reducer, or if the circulating water pipe of the pressure reducer is blocked, resulting in icing of the pressure reducer and a concentrated mixture. 2) Are there any leaks in the high and low pressure biogas pipelines, mixer and throttle valve connections, intake pipes, biogas devices, and steel cylinders. 3) Is the air filter clean and is the intake pipe unobstructed. 4) Is the flow rate of the mixer adjusted improperly, causing the mixture to become too rich. Add a 0.1mm thick copper pad on the mixer membrane or turn off the power valve appropriately while ensuring normal start-up. 5) The outlet pressure of the pressure reducer for the intercooled pressurized biogas generator is high, reaching up to 80Kpa. Use a leak detector to check for any leaks in the components between the biogas outlet and the intake pipe, and use compressed air for inspection. 6) Is the output pressure of the low-pressure regulator too high. 7) Check if the battery voltage is too low and if there is a malfunction in the ignition system. 8) Check the working condition of each cylinder using the cylinder cut-off method. 9) All biogas generators with insufficient power will cause an increase in gas consumption. After the above inspection is completed, if the problem of high biogas consumption is still not solved, it may be due to a decrease in the technical condition of the biogas generator, and it is necessary to check the valve clearance and cylinder pressure of each cylinder.

　　4.熱車不易啟動有時沼氣發(fā)電機熄火后，馬上啟動會出現(xiàn)啟動困難，這時要檢查一下沼氣發(fā)電機的工作情況，看配氣系統(tǒng)、點火系統(tǒng)是否有故障，然后檢查下面幾項：1)電磁閥過熱，閥芯卡滯或磁力下降。2)電控插頭是否有接觸不良。3)混合器閥芯是否有卡滯現(xiàn)象，使混合氣過濃、過稀。4)減壓器輸出壓力是否過高，超出正常值。5)檢查受溫度影響的部件。

　　4. It is difficult to start a hot car. Sometimes, starting the biogas generator immediately after it stalls may cause difficulty. At this time, it is necessary to check the working condition of the biogas generator, whether there are any faults in the gas distribution system and ignition system, and then check the following items: 1) The solenoid valve is overheated, the valve core is stuck or the magnetic force decreases. 2) Is there any poor contact in the electronic control plug. 3) Is there any sticking phenomenon in the valve core of the mixer, causing the mixture to be too rich or too thin. 4) Is the output pressure of the pressure reducer too high, exceeding the normal value. 5) Check the components affected by temperature.

　　5.電磁閥打不開減壓器電磁閥打不開的原因可能是以下幾點：1)電源未接通或電磁閥搭鐵不好，也可能是電壓過低，啟動時壓降過大，啟動時檢查電瓶電壓，電源變換器輸出電壓是否有12V。2)磁線圈故障，開啟功率不足。3)閥芯通氣孔被堵。4)ECU無輸出控制信號。5)閥芯和鐵心的配合間隙太小，閥芯不能自由滑動。6)閥芯O形圈或橡膠墊損壞。

　　5. The reason why the solenoid valve cannot open the pressure regulator solenoid valve may be the following: 1) The power supply is not connected or the solenoid valve is poorly grounded, or the voltage is too low, resulting in excessive voltage drop during startup. Check the battery voltage and the output voltage of the power converter for 12V during startup. 2) The magnetic coil is faulty, resulting in insufficient startup power. 3) The vent hole of the valve core is blocked. 4) ECU has no output control signal. 5) The clearance between the valve core and the iron core is too small, and the valve core cannot slide freely. 6) The O-ring or rubber gasket of the valve core is damaged.

　　6.怠速不穩(wěn)沼氣發(fā)電機怠速運轉(zhuǎn)時，轉(zhuǎn)速忽快忽慢極不穩(wěn)定。在檢查點火系統(tǒng)沒有故障的情況下，故障可能發(fā)生在燃料供給系統(tǒng)、怠速步進電機失控，此時應重點檢查沼氣裝置及電機。1)進氣道是否有漏氣現(xiàn)象。2)混合器空燃比調(diào)整是否合適。3)混合器閥芯有否卡滯現(xiàn)象。4)混合器膜片是否破損漏氣，造成有高速無低速現(xiàn)象。

　　6. Unstable idle speed: When the biogas generator is running at idle speed, the speed fluctuates rapidly and is extremely unstable. If there is no malfunction in the ignition system during inspection, the malfunction may occur in the fuel supply system or the idle stepper motor losing control. At this time, it is important to focus on inspecting the biogas device and motor. 1) Is there any air leakage in the intake duct. 2) Is the air-fuel ratio adjustment of the mixer appropriate. 3) Is there any jamming phenomenon in the mixer valve core. 4) Whether the mixer membrane is damaged and leaking, resulting in high-speed but low-speed phenomena.

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